Interference with sex expression, estimation of yield and bioactive compounds in bitter gourd under PGRs-induced conditions

Abstract Background The bitter gourd fruit yields are not at a desirable level due to maleness. Maleness is one of the biggest difficulties with gourd, reducing substantially. On other hand, plant stages most important consideration for PGR application because their sensitive responsiveness. Therefore, it necessary determine how plants respond growth regulators, namely 0 (control: water as control treatment), 1 (GA 3 -Gibberellic acid, 100 mgL −1 ), 2 (NAA-Naphthalene acetic and (MH- Maleic hydrazide, ) three phases, S : soaking seeds; four-leaf; flower bud in terms vegetative development, male–female sex alteration, features including bioactive compounds. Results Physiological, floral yield characteristics exposed significant changes by GA MH various stages. number leaves , fresh mass plant, dry matter content were enhanced remarkably seed stage except height branches . increased female flowers fruits 4-leaf application. PGRs substantially influenced quantity sugar, chlorophyll, total carotenoids, protein, phases but on ascorbic TSS, or phenol concentration. Conclusions For expression attributes, would be effective gourd. Exogenous NAA showed considerable dual influence development antioxidant enzyme activity fruits.